Perfil das lesões maxilofaciais em mulheres vítimas de violência periciadas em uma cidade do estado da Paraíba / Maxillofacial injuries profile in women victims of violence examined in a city of the state of Paraíba(Brazil)

Em meio a diversos conceitos a violência atinge um número alarmante de mulheres em todo o mundo, promovendo efeitos físicos, morais e uma questão social. A Odontologia Legal, por sua vez, faz-se necessária na observação e no parecer crítico junto a tais atos, tendo em vista que na maioria dos casos as vítimas apresentam agravos na região facial. Diante disso, o presente estudo, de caráter informativo e conscientizador, teve como finalidade o levantamento de dados sobre o perfil das lesões maxilofaciais em mulheres vítimas de violência física, provenientes das ações geradas por agressor do sexo masculino. Os dados foram obtidos através dos prontuários expedidos pelo Núcleo de Medicina e Odontologia Legal (NUMOL) da cidade de Patos-PB, avaliando os laudos referentes aos anos de 2017 e 2018. O estudo avaliou variáveis específicas nos exames, que posteriormente foram classificadas e o perfil predominante encontrado foi de mulheres com idade entre 21 e 30 anos, residente em área de zona urbana, com ocupação em serviços "do lar", tendo como grau de escolaridade ensino fundamental incompleto, estado civil em situação de casamento ou união estável, apresentando vínculo afetivo com o agressor. As vítimas apresentavam agravos na região maxilofacial em todos os casos estudados, porém cada caso com suas particularidades. Os dados foram agrupados em tabelas, descrevendo a epidemiologia dos casos encontrados. Além disso, aponta a importância do profissional de saúde na correta detecção dos casos, a conduta da vítima frente à ação e a participação social na luta contra tais atos.

Facial Injuries and the Gender Issue: Expressions of Violence in a Metropolitan Region of Northeastern Brazil.

The aims of this investigation were to describe the profile of men and women victims of violence and identify factors associated with the severity of facial trauma. A retrospective study was carried out from 762 records of victims attended at the Institute of Legal Medicine and Dentistry located in a metropolitan region of Northeastern Brazil. The dependent variable was type of facial trauma suffered by victims. Independent variables were the sociodemographic characteristics of victims, characteristics of aggressors and circumstances of violence. Descriptive, bivariate (c2 test) and multivariate statistics were made through logistic regression. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The mean age of victims was 29.78 years (SD=13.33). Based on the final regression model, male subjects [odds ratio (OR)=2.22, 95% CI=1.08-4.57, p=0.030], assaulted by other male subjects (OR=4.88; 95% CI=1.12-21.26; p=0.035) through instrument (OR=6.67; 95% CI=2.85-15.60; p<0,001) or mixed aggressions (OR=4.34; 95% CI=1.44-13.02; p=0.009) were more likely to exhibit facial bone fractures or dentoalveolar fractures. The findings highlight that men and women present important victimization differentials in relation to interpersonal violence and facial trauma. Victim's gender, aggressor's gender and mechanism of aggression may exert influence on facial trauma patterns.

Facial injuries and the gender issue: expressions of violence in a metropolitan region of Northeastern Brazil

Abstract The aims of this investigation were to describe the profile of men and women victims of violence and identify factors associated with the severity of facial trauma. A retrospective study was carried out from 762 records of victims attended at the Institute of Legal Medicine and Dentistry located in a metropolitan region of Northeastern Brazil. The dependent variable was type of facial trauma suffered by victims. Independent variables were the sociodemographic characteristics of victims, characteristics of aggressors and circumstances of violence. Descriptive, bivariate (c2 test) and multivariate statistics were made through logistic regression. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The mean age of victims was 29.78 years (SD=13.33). Based on the final regression model, male subjects [odds ratio (OR)=2.22, 95% CI=1.08-4.57, p=0.030], assaulted by other male subjects (OR=4.88; 95% CI=1.12-21.26; p=0.035) through instrument (OR=6.67; 95% CI=2.85-15.60; p<0,001) or mixed aggressions (OR=4.34; 95% CI=1.44-13.02; p=0.009) were more likely to exhibit facial bone fractures or dentoalveolar fractures. The findings highlight that men and women present important victimization differentials in relation to interpersonal violence and facial trauma. Victim's gender, aggressor's gender and mechanism of aggression may exert influence on facial trauma patterns.

Resumo Os objetivos desta investigação foram descrever o perfil de homens e mulheres vítimas de violência e identificar fatores associados à gravidade do trauma facial. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de 762 prontuários de vítimas atendidas no Instituto de Medicina Legal e Odontologia de uma região metropolitana do Nordeste do Brasil. A variável dependente foi o tipo de trauma facial sofrido pelas vítimas. Variáveis ​​independentes foram as características sociodemográficas das vítimas, características dos agressores e circunstâncias de violência. Estatísticas descritivas, bivariadas (teste c2) e multivariadas foram feitas por meio de regressão logística. O nível de significância foi fixado em p<0,05. A idade média das vítimas foi de 29,78 anos (DP =13,33). Com base no modelo de regressão final, os indivíduos do sexo masculino [odds ratio (OR)=2,22, IC 95%=1,08-4,57, p=0,030], agredidos por outros sujeitos do sexo masculino (OR=4,88; IC 95%=1,12-21,26; p=0,035) por meio de instrumentos (OR=6,67; IC 95%=2,85-15,60; p<0,001) ou agressões mistas (OR=4,34; IC 95%=1,44-13,02; p=0,009) foram mais propensos a apresentar fraturas de ossos faciais ou fraturas dentoalveolares. Os achados apontam que homens e mulheres apresentam importantes diferenciais de vitimização em relação à violência interpessoal e trauma facial. O gênero da vítima, o gênero do agressor e o mecanismo de agressão podem exercer influência sobre os padrões de trauma facial.

Characteristics of Brazilian Offenders and Victims of Interpersonal Violence: An Exploratory Study.

The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of Brazilian offenders and victims of interpersonal violence, following a medicolegal and forensic perspective. A cross-sectional and exploratory study was performed in a Center of Forensic Medicine and Dentistry. The sample was made up of 1,704 victims of nonlethal interpersonal violence with some type of trauma. The victims were subject to forensic examinations by a criminal investigative team that identified and recorded the extent of the injuries. For data collection, a specific form was designed consisting of four parts according to the information provided in the medicolegal and social records: sociodemographic data of the victims, offender's characteristics, aggression characteristics, and types of injuries. Descriptive and multivariate statistics using cluster analysis (CA) were performed. The two-step cluster method was used to characterize the profile of the victims and offenders. Most of the events occurred during the nighttime (50.9%) and on weekdays (66.3%). Soft tissue injuries were the most prevalent type (94.6%). Based on the CA results, two clusters for the victims and two for the offenders were identified. Victims: Cluster 1 was formed typically by women, aged 30 to 59 years, and married; Cluster 2 was composed of men, aged 20 to 29 years, and unmarried. Offenders: Cluster 1 was characterized by men, who perpetrated violence in a community environment. Cluster 2 was formed by men, who perpetrated violence in the familiar environment. These findings revealed different risk groups with distinct characteristics for both victims and offenders, allowing the planning of targeted measures of care, prevention, and health promotion. This study assesses the profile of violence through morbidity data and significantly contributes to building an integrated system of health surveillance in Brazil, as well as linking police stations, forensic services, and emergency hospitals.

Perfil sociodemográfico e interesses profissionais de graduandos de Odontologia do Centro Universitário de Patos / Sociodemographic profiles and professional interests of Patos University Center undergraduate dentistry students

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico dos graduandos em Odontologia do Centro Universitário de Patos (UNIFIP), bem como conhecer seus interesses e expectativas em relação à formação e exercício profissional. Participaram desta pesquisa os 414 estudantes matriculados no curso, no segundo semestre letivo de 2017. Empregou-se um questionário contendo questões objetivas e subjetivas e foram utilizados testes estatísticos para associar as variáveis sociodemográficas com os turnos de estudo. A maioria dos graduandos era do sexo feminino (68,1%), na faixa etária de até 29 anos (93%) e solteiros (84,1%). A principal razão diante da escolha do curso foi vocação (47,8%). As áreas de atuação de maiores interesses foram cirurgia e traumatologia (28,8%), seguida pela ortodontia (19,8%). A análise comparativa demonstrou que no turno noturno havia predominância de graduandos do sexo masculino (p=0,041), com idade igual ou superior a 30 anos (p=0,001), casados ou divorciados (p<0,003), que residiam com cônjuges e/ou filhos (p<0,001), que possuíam renda e contribuíam para o sustento de suas famílias (p<0,001), trabalhavam mais de 20 horas semanais (p<0,001), cursaram todo o ensino médio em escola pública (p=0,001) e residiam em outros municípios (p<0,001). A curto prazo, 70% dos pesquisados pretendiam iniciar curso de pós-graduação e atuar na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) (44%). A médio e longo prazo 68,6% pretendia atuar em clínica privada, com menor interesse em atuar na ESF (19,3%). Em conclusão, existem diferenças significativas no perfil dos estudantes do Curso de Odontologia diurno e noturno do Centro Universitário de Patos (AU).

This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic profiles of undergraduate dentistry students at the Patos University Center (UNIFIP), and to learn their interests and expectations in relation to training and professional practice. The study included 414 students enrolled in the second semester of 2017. A questionnaire containing objective and subjective questions, and statistical tests were used to associate sociodemographic variables with the school shift attended. The undergraduates were mostly female (68.1%), aged up to 29 years (93%) and single (84.1%). The main reason given for choosing the course was vocation (47.8%). The areas of greatest interest were surgery and traumatology (28.8%), followed by orthodontics (19.8%). Comparative analysis revealed a predominance of male students (p = 0.041) attending the night school shift, aged 30 or over (p = 0.001), married or divorced (p <0.003), who lived with spouses and/or children (p <0.001), with income and contributing to the support of their families (p <0.001), working more than 20 hours per week (p <0.001), exclusively attending public high schools (p = 0.001) and residing in other municipalities (p <0.001). For the short term, 70% of respondents intended to attend postgraduate courses and work within the Family Health Strategy (FHS) (44%). For the medium and long term, 68.6% intended to work in a private clinic, presenting less interest in working with the FHS (19.3%). In conclusion, significant differences were revealed in the profiles of day and night dentistry course students at the Patos University Center (AU).

Patterns of Oral-Maxillofacial Trauma and Determinant Factors among Brazilian Victims of Physical Aggression: A 4-Year Study.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of oral-maxillofacial trauma among Brazilian victims of physical aggression and identify its associated factors from a medico-legal and forensic perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving the analysis of complete medico-legal and social reports of 3668 victims of physical aggression treated at a centre of legal medicine and forensic dentistry over the course of four years. The dependent variable was the occurrence of oral-maxillofacial trauma. The independent variables were sociodemographic status and characteristics of physical aggression. Statistical analyses included the chi-squared test (p < 0.05) as well as univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Oral-maxillofacial trauma occurred in 1655 cases (45.1%). Individuals who lived in suburban areas (OR = 1.32; 95%CI = 1.11-1.58) and those who were victims of community violence (OR = 1.20; 95%CI = 1.03-1.40) perpetrated by someone known to them (OR = 1.24; 95%CI = 1.03-1.40) using physical force (OR = 2.31; 95%CI = 1.96-2.72) on weekends (OR = 1.19; 95%CI = 1.04-1.37) and during nighttime hours (OR = 1.23; 95%CI = 1.08-1.41) were more likely to exhibit oral-maxillofacial trauma. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of oral-maxillofacial trauma was high and the associated factors were area of residence, type of violence, type of offender, mechanism of violence, day, and period of occurrence.

Remoção de dente deslocado para o seio maxilar / Removing the tooth displaced to the maxilar sinus

Os seios paranasais auxiliam na termorregulação do ar inspirado, acrescentam ressonância à voz e tornam a estrutura esquelética facial mais leve. O seio maxilar exibe proximidade com a cavidade bucal, o assoalho da órbita, a cavidade nasal e as raízes dos elementos dentários da maxila. Quando um dente é deslocado para o seio, a técnica de Caldwell-Luc pode ser utilizada, pois fornece acesso direto ao seio e à boa visualização. Assim, esse relato tem como objetivo apresentar o caso clínico de uma paciente cujo dente foi deslocado acidentalmente para o seio maxilar, após tentativa de exodontia, o qual foi removido por meio da técnica de Caldwell-Luc. Contudo, ratifica-se a importância do conhecimento anatômico a fim de prevenir acidentes e complicações relacionados às cirurgias maxilares... (AU)

The paranasal sinuses aid in the thermoregulation of the inspired air, adds resonance to the voice and makes the facial skeletal structure lighter. The maxillary sinus exhibits proximity to the buccal cavity, floor of the orbit, nasal cavity and the roots of dental elements of the maxilla. When a tooth is moved to the breast, the Caldwell-Luc technique can be used as it provides direct access to the breast and good visualization. Thus, this report aims to present the clinical case of a patient whose tooth was accidentally moved to the maxillary sinus after attempted exodontia, which was removed by the Caldwell Luc technique. However, the importance of anatomical knowledge is confirmed in order to prevent accidents and complications related to maxillary surgeries... (AU)

Temporal trends in physical violence, gender differences and spatial vulnerability of the location of victim's residences.

The aim of study was to describe trends in physical violence among Brazilian victims and investigate spatial vulnerability of the location of victim's residences. This study performed an ecological-level longitudinal analysis, examining violence rates over 4 years. Cases of 4795 victims of physical aggression attended at a Center of Legal Medicine were investigated. Trend analysis was used to evaluate the data, with the creation of polynomial regression models (p < 0.05). Violence rates showed significant temporal variations according to sociodemographic characteristics of victims (p < 0.05) and the circumstances of aggressions (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant increase in violence rate in the North (R2 = 16.1%; p = 0.019) and South (R2 = 18.4%; p = 0.010), whereas the rural zone (R2 = 10.1%; p = 0.028) presented a decrease. The findings highlight the need for protection policies that address spatial-temporal aspects.

Interpersonal violence, circumstances of aggressions and patterns of maxillofacial injuries in the metropolitan area of Campina Grande, State of Paraíba, Brazil (2008-2011). / Violência interpessoal, circunstâncias das agressões e padrões dos traumas maxilofaciais na região metropolitana de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil (2008-2011).

The aim of this study was to determine the circumstances of aggressions and patterns of maxillofacial injuries among victims of interpersonal violence. This was a cross-sectional and exploratory study conducted from the analysis of 7,132 medical-legal and social records of interpersonal violence victims seen in a Forensic Medicine and Dentistry Center. Descriptive and multivariate statistics were performed using Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Three groups with different victimization profiles were identified. The first group was mainly composed of men of different age groups, victims of community violence that resulted in facial bones or dentoalveolar fracture. The second group was mainly composed of adolescents (10-19 years) of both sexes, victims of interpersonal violence and without specific pattern of injuries. The third group was composed of adult women (≥ 20 years) victims of domestic violence that resulted in injuries of soft tissues of face or other body regions. The results suggest that sociodemographic and circumstantial characteristics are important factors in victimization by maxillofacial injuries and interpersonal violence.

Violência interpessoal, circunstâncias das agressões e padrões dos traumas maxilofaciais na região metropolitana de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil (2008-2011) / Interpersonal violence, circumstances of aggressions and patterns of maxillofacial injuries in the metropolitan area of Campina Grande, State of Paraíba, Brazil (2008-2011)

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as circunstâncias das agressões e os padrões dos traumas maxilofaciais entre vítimas de violência interpessoal. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal e exploratório feito a partir da análise de 7.132 registros médico-legais e sociais de vítimas de violência interpessoal atendidas em um Centro de Medicina Legal e Odontologia Forense. Foi feita estatística descritiva e multivariada, usando Análise de Correspondência Múltipla. Três grupos com perfis distintos de vitimização foram identificados. O primeiro grupo foi formado majoritariamente por homens, de diferentes faixas etárias, vítimas de violência comunitária, resultando em fratura de ossos faciais ou fratura dentoalveolar. O segundo grupo foi composto essencialmente por adolescentes (10-19 anos), de ambos os sexos, vítimas de violência interpessoal e que não apresentaram um padrão específico de trauma. O terceiro grupo reuniu mulheres, adultas (≥ 20 anos), vítimas de violência doméstica, resultando em lesão de tecidos moles da face ou em outras regiões do corpo. Os resultados sugerem que as características sociodemográficas e circunstanciais são fatores importantes na vitimização por traumatismo maxilofacial e violência interpessoal.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the circumstances of aggressions and patterns of maxillofacial injuries among victims of interpersonal violence. This was a cross-sectional and exploratory study conducted from the analysis of 7,132 medical-legal and social records of interpersonal violence victims seen in a Forensic Medicine and Dentistry Center. Descriptive and multivariate statistics were performed using Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Three groups with different victimization profiles were identified. The first group was mainly composed of men of different age groups, victims of community violence that resulted in facial bones or dentoalveolar fracture. The second group was mainly composed of adolescents (10-19 years) of both sexes, victims of interpersonal violence and without specific pattern of injuries. The third group was composed of adult women (≥ 20 years) victims of domestic violence that resulted in injuries of soft tissues of face or other body regions. The results suggest that sociodemographic and circumstantial characteristics are important factors in victimization by maxillofacial injuries and interpersonal violence.

Violência contra mulheres em diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida no Brasil: um estudo exploratório / Violence against women in different stages of the life cycle in Brazil: an exploratory study

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever o perfil da violência contra mulheres em diferentes ciclos de vida, de acordo com as características sociodemográficas das vítimas e dos agressores. Métodos: Estudo transversal e exploratório realizado com base em 1.388 registros de ocorrências, durante período de quatro anos, em uma região metropolitana do Nordeste do Brasil. A variável dependente foi o tipo de agressão sofrido pelas vítimas. As variáveis independentes foram as características sociodemográficas das vítimas e dos agressores. A análise estatística incluiu o teste χ2 (p < 0,05) e a análise de árvore de decisão, por meio do algoritmo Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID). Resultados: Os casos de agressão física (n = 644) foram os mais comuns, seguidos de ameaça (n = 415) e agressão verbal (n = 285). Os perfis da violência puderam ser explicados pela relação entre vítimas e agressores (p < 0,001) e faixa etária das vítimas (p = 0,026 em Nó 1; p = 0,019 em Nó 3). Conclusão: Foi observado que mulheres em diferentes fases da vida apresentam mais exposição a diferentes tipos de violência.

ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the profile of violence against women in different life cycles, according to the sociodemographic characteristics of the victims and offenders. Methods: A cross-sectional and exploratory study was performed based on 1,388 police reports during a four-year period, in a metropolitan area of Northeast Brazil. The dependent variable was the type of aggression suffered by the victims. The independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics of the victims and offenders. Statistical analysis included the χ2 test (p < 0.05) and the decision tree analysis, through the Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) algorithm. Results: Cases of physical abuse (n = 644) were the most common, followed by threat (n = 415) and verbal aggression (n = 285). The violence profiles could be explained by the relationship between victims and offenders (p < 0.001) and age of the victims (p = 0.026 in Node 1; p = 0.019 in Node 3). Conclusion: It was observed that women in different stages of life are more exposed to different types of violence.

Violence against women in different stages of the life cycle in Brazil: an exploratory study. / Violência contra mulheres em diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida no Brasil: um estudo exploratório.

OBJECTIVE:: The aim of this study was to describe the profile of violence against women in different life cycles, according to the sociodemographic characteristics of the victims and offenders. METHODS:: A cross-sectional and exploratory study was performed based on 1,388 police reports during a four-year period, in a metropolitan area of Northeast Brazil. The dependent variable was the type of aggression suffered by the victims. The independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics of the victims and offenders. Statistical analysis included the χ2 test (p < 0.05) and the decision tree analysis, through the Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) algorithm. RESULTS:: Cases of physical abuse (n = 644) were the most common, followed by threat (n = 415) and verbal aggression (n = 285). The violence profiles could be explained by the relationship between victims and offenders (p < 0.001) and age of the victims (p = 0.026 in Node 1; p = 0.019 in Node 3). CONCLUSION:: It was observed that women in different stages of life are more exposed to different types of violence.

Characterization of victims of aggression and transportation accidents treated at the Forensic Medicine and Dentistry Institute - Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil - 2010.

The objective of this cross-sectional census study was to characterize agression and land-based transport accidents in a city in the Northeast of Brazil. Data was analyzed from live victims who were treated at a forensic service (N = 2.379). In the descriptive analysis, the majority of events were represented by aggression (71.6%); which occurred on weekdays (65%), with 35.1% at night. Trauma occurred to the whole body (63.6%) and to soft tissue (74.2%). On the basis of multiple correspondence analysis, two dimensions were formed: the first dimension (internal reliability = 0.654) was formed by the cause of the event, the trauma and the age group and the second dimension (reliability = 0.514), by age group, occupation and civil status. Three groups with distinct profiles were formed for accidents and aggression: young women who suffered aggression, with trauma to the face and soft tissues during the evening and at weekends; adult men who suffered car accidents, in the morning and on work days; and retired elderly widowers, who were run over.

Characterization of victims of aggression and transportation accidents treated at the Forensic Medicine and Dentistry Institute - Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil - 2010 / Caracterização de vítimas de agressão e de acidentes de transporte atendidas no Instituto de Medicina e Odontologia Forense - Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil - 2010

The objective of this cross-sectional census study was to characterize agression and land-based transport accidents in a city in the Northeast of Brazil. Data was analyzed from live victims who were treated at a forensic service (N = 2.379). In the descriptive analysis, the majority of events were represented by aggression (71.6%); which occurred on weekdays (65%), with 35.1% at night. Trauma occurred to the whole body (63.6%) and to soft tissue (74.2%). On the basis of multiple correspondence analysis, two dimensions were formed: the first dimension (internal reliability = 0.654) was formed by the cause of the event, the trauma and the age group and the second dimension (reliability = 0.514), by age group, occupation and civil status. Three groups with distinct profiles were formed for accidents and aggression: young women who suffered aggression, with trauma to the face and soft tissues during the evening and at weekends; adult men who suffered car accidents, in the morning and on work days; and retired elderly widowers, who were run over.

O objetivo deste estudo tranversal censitário foi caracterizar a agressão e os acidentes de transporte terrestre em uma cidade do nordeste do Brasil. Foram analisados os dados de vítimas vivas que foram atendidas em um serviço forense (N = 2.379). Na análise descritiva, a maioria dos eventos foi a agressão (71,6%); que ocorreu nos dias úteis (65%), sendo 35,1% no período noturno. Os traumas ocorreram no corpo todo (63,6%) e envolveram o tecido mole (74,2%). A partir da análise de correspondência múltipla formaram-se duas dimensões: a primeira dimensão (confiabilidade interna = 0,654) foi formada pela causa do evento, o trauma e a faixa etária e, a segunda dimensão (confiabilidade interna = 0,514), pela faixa etária, a ocupação e o estado civil. Formaram-se três grupos com perfis distintos para os acidentes e agressão. Mulheres jovens que sofreram agressões com traumas faciais, em tecidos moles, no período da tarde e durante os finais de semana. Homens, adultos que sofreram acidentes automobilísticos, pela manhã e em dias úteis, e idosos, viú vos, aposentados e que sofreram atropelamento. Há um elevado número de vítimas de agressão interpessoal, seguido por acidentes de moto e os tipos de acidentes estão associados a grupos populacionais.

Violência interpessoal e a questão de gênero: discutindo iniquidade social na ocorrência de trauma maxilofacial / title

As diferenças entre homens e mulheres vão além da distinção biológica dos sexos masculino e feminino. Entre outros aspectos, destaca-se a experiência de saúde e doença, influenciada pela desigualdade de acesso aos recursos sociais e econômicos que a cultura sexista evoca entre os gêneros. Essa manifestação diferenciada também repercute na ocorrência da violência urbana e, consequentemente, pode exercer influência sobre a prevalência do trauma maxilofacial, constituindo-se em objetivo desse estudo avaliar tendências de vitimização por agressão conforme o gênero, buscando discutir os aspectos relacionados às diferenças observadas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal em que foram examinados 4803 laudos médicos de lesão corporal por agressão, registrados entre os anos 2008 e 2011 em um Núcleo de Medicina e Odontologia Legal situados em Campina Grande-PB...

Facial traumas among females through violent and non-violent mechanisms.

INTRODUCTION: Injuries stemming from facial trauma have both physical and emotional consequences among affected individuals as well as an economic impact on the healthcare system. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the occurrence of facial trauma among females of different age groups treated at an urgent care ward in the northeast of Brazil in a two-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 247 charts. Data on patient age, etiological agent and site of trauma were recorded. RESULTS: Adults accounted for 48.6% of the sample. Falls were the most frequent cause of trauma (38.5%); soft tissue injuries were the most prevalent ones (67.6%); age was significantly associated with the etiology of the injuries; falls were the most common cause among children/adolescents and elderly individuals, and acts of violence were more common among adults. CONCLUSION: Adult females were affected by facial trauma more than the other age groups studied, with a predominance of soft tissue injuries and injuries to the mandible, maxilla, zygomatic arch and nasal bones. Falls were the most prevalent cause of facial trauma and significantly associated with the youngest (children/adolescents) and oldest (elderly individuals) age groups.

Facial traumas among females through violent and non-violent mechanisms / Traumatismos faciais em mulheres por mecanismos violentos e não violentos

INTRODUCTION: Injuries stemming from facial trauma have both physical and emotional consequences among affected individuals as well as an economic impact on the healthcare system. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the occurrence of facial trauma among females of different age groups treated at an urgent care ward in the northeast of Brazil in a two-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 247 charts. Data on patient age, etiological agent and site of trauma were recorded. RESULTS: Adults accounted for 48.6% of the sample. Falls were the most frequent cause of trauma (38.5%); soft tissue injuries were the most prevalent ones (67.6%); age was significantly associated with the etiology of the injuries; falls were the most common cause among children/adolescents and elderly individuals, and acts of violence were more common among adults. CONCLUSION: Adult females were affected by facial trauma more than the other age groups studied, with a predominance of soft tissue injuries and injuries to the mandible, maxilla, zygomatic arch and nasal bones. Falls were the most prevalent cause of facial trauma and significantly associated with the youngest (children/adolescents) and oldest (elderly individuals) age groups. .

INTRODUÇÃO: O trauma facial pode ser considerado uma das agressões mais expressivas devido às consequências emocionais, à possibilidade de deformidade e também ao impacto econômico que os mesmos causam em um sistema de saúde. OBJETIVO: Este estudo retrospectivo verificou a ocorrência de traumas faciais em mulheres, atendidas em um hospital de emergência de um município do Nordeste do Brasil, no período de dois anos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: esse estudo transversal avaliou n = 247 prontuários. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um formulário contendo: a faixa etária, o agente etiológico e a localização do trauma. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se uma maior prevalência de mulheres adultas (48,6%). A etiologia mais frequente foi a queda da própria altura (38,5%), prevalecendo lesões em tecido mole (67,6%). Quando associadas à etiologia da lesão com a faixa etária, constatou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa, apontado a relação entre crianças e idosos com a queda da própria altura e adultas com eventos violentos. CONCLUSÃO: As mulheres adultas foram as mais afetadas, havendo predomínio das lesões em tecido mole e em região que corresponde à mandíbula, maxila, zigomático e ossos nasais. A queda da própria altura foi a etiologia mais prevalente e associada às crianças e idosas. .

Formação e perspectiva do mercado de trabalho sob o olhar de alunos de odontologia / Graduation and work market perspectives as seen by undergraduate dental students

Objetivo: Identificar o perfil socioecon¶mico de graduandos de um curso de odontologia de uma universidade pública do Estado da ParaÝba e suas expectativas em relaþÒo ao mercado de trabalho. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo do tipo transversal com 151 estudantes, selecionados aleatoriamente de um total de 296 matriculados. Realizou-se a coleta de dados atravÚs de um questionßrio. Os dados foram analisados atravÚs de anßlise descritiva, com a distribuiþÒo das frequÛncias absolutas e relativas, foi aplicado o teste da RazÒo de Verossimilhanþa, uma vez que as condiþ§es do teste Qui-quadrado e teste Exato de Fisher nÒo foram verificados. O nÝvel de significÔncia utilizado foi de 5%. Resultados: O número de questionßrios respondidos (n=151) por ano de curso foi bem semelhante, o que ajudou a ter uma representaþÒo quantitativa proporcional da amostra estudada. Esta foi constituÝda de alunos do gÛnero feminino (52,3%) com idade atÚ 26 anos (93,2%), solteiros (91,4%). A escolha pelo curso se deu por realizaþÒo pessoal (60,3%) e por ser um curso da ßrea de saúde (39,1%). Ao ingressar (38%) esperava uma boa formaþÒo na prßtica clÝnica e hß uma tendÛncia a cursar a p¾s-graduaþÒo.ConclusÒo: Com base nos resultados encontrados, o perfil do aluno deste curso de odontologia Ú formado em sua maioria por de mulheres, jovens, solteiras, com renda familiar entre 01 a trÛs salßrios mÝnimos, e que se dedicam apenas ao curso de Odontologia. A escolha pelo curso foi motivada por realizaþÒo pessoal, e hß uma tendÛncia Ó p¾s-graduaþÒo sendo a ßrea de maior interesse a cirurgia...

Objective: To identify the socioeconomic profile of undergraduate dental students of a public Dental School at the State of ParaÝba, Brazil and their expectations of the work market.Method: This study was a cross-sectional investigation comprising 151 undergraduate dental students chosen randomly from a total of 296 regularly enrolled students. Data were collected using a questionnaire and were subjected to descriptive analysis, with distribution of absolute and relative frequencies, and Verosimility Ratio (VR) was applied because the conditions for the Chi-square and Fisher?s exact tests were not fulfilled. The significance level was set at 5%.Results: The number of questionnaires answered (n=151) was similar among all years of graduation, which provided a proportional quantitative representation of the studied sample. The sample comprised female students (52.3%), aged up to 26 years (93.2%) and single (91.4%). The choice for Dentistry was due to personal fulfillment (60.3%) and to become a heath professional (39.1%). At the beginning of the undergraduate course, 38% of the students expected a good upbringing in clinical practice and there is a tendency among the students to attend Graduate programs.Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the profile of the students of this Dental School is represented mostly by young single women, with family income between 1 and 3 minimum wages, dedicated exclusively to the university. The choice for the course was motivated by personal fulfillment and there is a tendency to attend Graduate programs, with surgery being the area of greatest interest...

Influence of patient age on dentists decision-making to extract or preserve a tooth / Influência da idade do paciente no processo de tomada de decisão de extrair ou manter um dente por cirurgiões-dentistas

Objective: The study examined the influence of patient age on the process of decision-making by dentists in keeping or extracting an extensively decayed tooth. Method: This is a cross-sectional study that used ?case scenarios?. The sample consisted of 81 general dental practitioners Campina Grande (Paraíba). They answered a two-part questionnaire, one containing their identification data and another to determine the treatment decision. The case scenario 1 presented a face photograph of a young patient and a photograph of an extensively decayed tooth. After presenting the case, the question was put: ?In your opinion, what is the prognosis for this tooth? Would you extract or maintain the tooth? ?After a minimum interval of one month, a second meeting was arranged and the case scenario 2 was presented: the photograph of the face of an elderly patient and the photograph of the same tooth, and the same question was asked. Data were entered on a SPSS software spreadsheet and the statistical analysis of association was carried out using the Chi-square test. Results: The majority opted for greater preservation of the tooth of a young patient (95.1%) than in elderly patients (75.3%). However, the frequency of decisions to extract the tooth in a young patient was compared with the decision for the elderly patient and revealed a greater preservation of the tooth of the young one. Conclusion: Patient?s age influences the decision-making process for treatment by the dentist.

Objetivo: Verificar a influência da idade do paciente no processo de tomada de decisão por cirurgiões-dentistas em manter ou extrair um elemento dentário extensamente cariado. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal com a utilização de ?cenário de casos?. A amostra foi constituída de 81 cirurgiões-dentistas que desenvolviam a atividade clínica em Campina Grande, Paraíba, e que responderam a um questionário com duas partes, uma contendo os dados de identificação e outro para determinar a decisão de tratamento. O cenário de caso 1 apresentava a fotografia da fisionomia do paciente jovem e outra fotografia do dente extensamente cariado. Após a apresentação do caso era feita a pergunta: ?Em sua opinião, qual a conduta para esse elemento dentário? Extrairia ou conservaria o dente em questão?? Após o intervalo de um mês, era realizado um segundo encontro, sendo apresentado o cenário de caso 2: a fotografia da fisionomia do paciente idoso e a fotografia do mesmo dente sendo feita a mesma pergunta. Os dados foram lançados na planilha eletrônica do software SPSS e a análise estatística de associação foi feita através do Qui-quadrado. Resultados: A maioria optou por maior preservação do elemento dentário do paciente jovem (95,1%) do que no paciente idoso (75,3%). Porém, ao compararmos as frequências da decisão de extrair o elemento dentário no paciente jovem com a decisão no paciente idoso podemos notar uma maior preservação do elemento dentário do jovem. Conclusão: A idade do paciente influencia na tomada de decisão de tratamento do cirurgião-dentista.

Atenção à saúde bucal nas comunidades indígenas: evolução e desafios - uma revisão de literatura / Oral health care in indigenous communities: evolution and challenges - a literature review

Objetivo: Este artigo de revisão de literatura tem como objetivo apontar os aspectos relativos à atenção à saúde bucal nas comunidades indígenas, destacando-se a evolução e os desafios. Material e Métodos: O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nas bases de dados: Pubmed, SciELO, BBO e LILACS. Resultados: O Subsistema de Atenção à Saúde Indígena tem apresentado evoluções desde sua implantação. A criação de uma nova Secretaria no Ministério da Saúde, a Secretaria Especial de Atenção à Saúde Indígena, responsável exclusivamente pela atenção à saúde dos povos indígenas, vem ao encontro dos anseios dessas comunidades, dos profissionais e gestores, na expectativa de uma atenção em saúde integral e diferenciada. Uma das primeiras iniciativas desta Secretaria consistiu na implantação do Brasil Sorridente Indígena, visando acesso ao atendimento odontológico nas aldeias, estruturando e qualificando os serviços de saúde bucal e garantindo assistência odontológica integral a estes povos. Os desafios para o atendimento odontológico em área indígena são diversos, posto que aspectos geográficos, linguísticos e culturais representam dificuldades na atenção à saúde dessa população. Conclusão: É importante que o profissional adquira competência cultural, transcendendo os limites de um modelo assistencialista com foco no individuo, privilegiando a prevenção com o olhar voltado à coletividade, respeitando e valorizando os aspectos sociais e culturais dos povos indígenas.

Objective: The aim of this literature review is to investigate aspects on oral health care in indigenous communities, highlighting the progress and challenges. Material and Methods The literature search was conducted in the databases: PubMed, SciELO, BBO and LILACS. Results: The Subsystem for Indigenous Healthcare has evolved since its inception. The creation of a new department within the Ministry of Health, the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Healthcare, responsible solely for health care of indigenous people, aimed to meet the expectations of these communities, professionals and managers regarding comprehensive and differentiated health care. One of the first initiatives of the Department was establishing the Indigenous Smiling Brazil program, which has the purpose of providing access to dental care in the local settlements by improving the structure and quality of oral health services, and by ensuring comprehensive dental care for these people. The challenges of providing dental care in indigenous areas are diverse, due to difficult geographical, linguistic and cultural aspects. Conclusion: It is important for health professionals to acquire cultural competence, and to transcend the boundaries of an assistance model focused on the individual, emphasizing prevention under a collective view, respecting and valuing social and cultural aspects of indigenous peoples.